B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester-wise Breakdown

ARTICLE

Ankit Krishnan

2026-04-28T10:34:55.118+05:30

The B.Tech Biotechnology course will include topics such as molecular biology, genetic engineering, bioprocess engineering, and the latest advancements in CRISPR technology in various semesters.

Overview

The B.Tech Biotechnology course syllabus includes genetic engineering, genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and synthetic biology over eight semesters in accordance with the DBT-AICTE guidelines. The students will be able to learn about bioprocessing, bioinformatics, and AI-based drug discovery, and build a strong foundation in molecular biology before advancing to study sophisticated technologies in immunotherapy pipelines.

The students will further be able to learn about recombinant DNA technology, metabolic engineering, nanobiotechnology, downstream processing techniques, bioreactors, genomics, vaccine technology, and agri-biotech innovation through hands-on learning in gene therapy, precision medicine, sustainable fuels, and trending technologies in biotechnology that are in high demand globally in various ecosystems.

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester-wise Breakdown

The programme will offer comprehensive training in biotechnology, including molecular biology, genetic engineering, and industrial bioprocesses. It will also include recent advances in gene therapy, metagenomics, and precision fermentation that are important to pharmaceutical R&D and agricultural biotechnology.

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 1

Foundational sciences are taught in Semester 1 of the B.Tech Biotechnology course. The course provides foundational subjects that help in developing a basic understanding of biotechnology. Students learn chemistry concepts, mathematical modelling, and computational biology in accordance with industry requirements.

Subject	Topics Covered
Engineering Chemistry	Atomic structure, chemical bonding, thermodynamics, organic functional groups, and spectroscopy basics
Mathematics I	Differential calculus, integral calculus, matrices, vector algebra, and multiple integrals
Physics	Mechanics, waves, optics, electrostatics, electromagnetic theory, and modern physics
Computer Programming	C programming, data structures, algorithms, object-oriented concepts, and bioinformatics tools
Biology for Engineers	Cell biology, biomolecules, genetics basics, microbiology fundamentals, and plant biotechnology
Communication Skills	Technical writing, presentation skills, group discussions, and English proficiency

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 2

B.Tech Biotechnology Semester 2 advances core sciences. The programme strengthens molecular foundations through specialised subjects. Learners explore biochemistry pathways and computational tools essential for biotechnology operations.

Subject	Topics Covered
Biochemistry	Enzyme kinetics, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein structure, and nucleic acid chemistry
Microbiology	Bacterial classification, viral structure, microbial growth, sterilisation techniques, and industrial microbiology
Mathematics II	Differential equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, and partial differential equations
Cell Biology	Cell signalling, membrane transport, cell cycle, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix
Digital Electronics	Logic gates, combinational circuits, sequential circuits, microprocessors, and bioinformatics hardware
Environmental Science	Ecosystems, pollution control, waste management, bioremediation, and sustainable development

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 3

B.Tech Biotechnology Semester 3 introduces core biotechnology. The programme focuses on genetic engineering and bioprocess fundamentals. Learners master recombinant DNA techniques and fermentation processes essential for industry careers.

Subject	Topics Covered
Genetics	Mendelian genetics, linkage mapping, mutations, gene regulation, and population genetics
Molecular Biology	DNA replication, transcription, translation, operons, and gene cloning strategies
Bioprocess Engineering I	Fermentation kinetics, media formulation, sterilisation, and bioreactor design basics
Immunology	Antigen-antibody reactions, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, vaccines, and hypersensitivity
Analytical Techniques	Spectroscopy, chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, and mass spectrometry
Biochemistry Lab	Protein purification, enzyme assays, spectrophotometry, and gel electrophoresis

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 4

B.Tech Biotechnology Semester 4 develops genetic engineering skills. The programme emphasises molecular tools and downstream processing. Learners gain expertise in recombinant protein production, which is critical for biopharmaceutical industry roles.

Subject	Topics Covered
Genetic Engineering	Restriction enzymes, vectors, cloning strategies, PCR techniques, and gene libraries
Bioprocess Engineering II	Mass transfer, heat transfer, downstream processing, and scale-up strategies
Bioinformatics	Sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, database searching, and molecular modelling
Plant Biotechnology	Plant tissue culture, genetic transformation, transgenic plants, and stress tolerance
Animal Biotechnology	Cell culture techniques, hybridoma technology, transgenic animals, and stem cells
Genetic Engineering Lab	Plasmid isolation, PCR amplification, cloning, and transformation experiments

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 5

B.Tech Biotechnology Semester 5 advances specialised applications. The programme concentrates on industrial biotechnology and genomics. Learners acquire skills in enzyme technology and functional genomics vital for research leadership.

Subject	Topics Covered
Enzyme Technology	Enzyme production, immobilisation, kinetics, industrial applications, and bioreactor design
Genomics & Proteomics	Genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, protein structure prediction, and 2D gel electrophoresis
Industrial Biotechnology	Antibiotic production, biofertilisers, biopesticides, biopolymers, and bioethanol
Medical Biotechnology	Gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies, vaccine technology, diagnostics, and pharmacogenomics
Bioprocess Economics	Cost analysis, process optimisation, regulatory affairs, and GMP guidelines
Elective I	Nanobiotechnology, Synthetic Biology, Marine Biotechnology, and Food Biotechnology

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 6

B.Tech Biotechnology Semester 6 integrates advanced bioprocesses. The programme culminates with industry exposure and innovation focus. Learners consolidate knowledge through projects and specialisations that are essential for careers in biotechnology.

Subject	Topics Covered
Advanced Genetic Engineering	CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs, synthetic biology, and metabolic engineering
Biopharmaceutical Technology	Upstream processing, downstream purification, and formulation, quality control
Computational Biology	Molecular dynamics, protein folding, drug design, and machine learning in bioinformatics
Environmental Biotechnology	Waste treatment, bioremediation, phytoremediation, and biosensors
Elective II	Cancer Biology, Neurobiotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology, and Tissue Engineering
Mini Project	Literature survey, experimental design, data analysis, and report writing

Frequently Asked Questions

How does B.Tech Biotechnology incorporate CRISPR gene-editing technology?

Semester 6 Advanced Genetic Engineering covers CRISPR-Cas9 protocols, off-target effects analysis, and therapeutic applications, preparing students for careers in gene therapy research.

What synthetic biology concepts feature in the biotechnology curriculum?

Elective modules teach genetic circuit design, minimal genome construction, and orthogonal biosystems, enabling students to engineer novel biological systems for industrial applications.

Which bioinformatics tools does B.Tech Biotechnology programme teach?

Semesters 2-6 progressively cover BLAST, Clustal Omega, PyMOL, AlphaFold, and Galaxy workflows essential for genomic data analysis and drug discovery pipelines.

How does the B.Tech Biotechnology curriculum address metagenomics and microbiome engineering?

Genomics courses explore 16S rRNA sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and microbial community editing, preparing graduates to develop gut microbiome therapeutics.

What bioprocessing 4.0 technologies in B.Tech Biotechnology course appear in the syllabus?

Bioprocess Engineering integrates PAT, continuous manufacturing, digital twins, and Industry 4.0 sensors, training students for next-generation biopharmaceutical production facilities.

B.Tech Biotechnology Syllabus 2026: Semester-wise Breakdown

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester-wise Breakdown

Overview

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester-wise Breakdown

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 1

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 2

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 3

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 4

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 5

B.Tech in Biotechnology Syllabus: Semester 6

Frequently Asked Questions

How does B.Tech Biotechnology incorporate CRISPR gene-editing technology?

What synthetic biology concepts feature in the biotechnology curriculum?

Which bioinformatics tools does B.Tech Biotechnology programme teach?

How does the B.Tech Biotechnology curriculum address metagenomics and microbiome engineering?

What bioprocessing 4.0 technologies in B.Tech Biotechnology course appear in the syllabus?